Every subculture has its code-words and pass-phrases. One that I particularly revile is “blood and treasure,” a favorite of warrior-politics neocons. It’s handy, actually, because anytime anybody says something like “You cannot expect Americans to spend blood and treasure blah blah blah” with a straight face, you automatically know they are not credible.
I’m not even going to link to the place where I just saw it because it’s so vile. Anybody know the etymology of the phrase, though? I just did some quick Googling but didn’t find any leads.
Another angle: What are some other classic subcultural code-phrases?
“I’m familiar with the argument” is one I hear a lot in academic and quasi-academic circles, and always seems to be sending a meta-message. Any others spring to mind?
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I don’t know yet if this is the ultimate source, but I found “blood and treasure” in this quotation by President James Monroe (from the main text for the “Monroe Doctrine”):
— J.D. Richardson, ed., Compilation of the Messages and Papers of the Presidents, vol. 2 (1907), 287.
It’s mildly reassuring to me, at least, that this isn’t just some phrase Hayek or Leo Strauss used to throw around. Still, you’re right — when people use this phrase, they’re either going all neocon or arguing with neo-cons in an old-timey way. But for all I know, this was a phrase Washington or Paine or Locke or somebody used to use that Monroe picked up on. I’ll keep scrounging around to see if I can find another source.
Where did you find Tim? Did they have any more?
I’m afraid all the subculture catch phrases I’ve kept track of over the years are really metaclique catchphrases, and not widely relevent.
“Drunk the Kool-Aid” seems like a common liberal and center phrase to describe true-believing rightists, esp. neo-cons. Unlikely to appear in mainstream print though. I think liberals aren’t as good at creating codes for some of the same reasons they’ve lost power—e.g. a lack of good, cohesive networks.
A tangentially related and annoying linguistic phenomena: the ironic appropriation of GWB’s malapropisms morphing into sincere cutespeak along the lines of pasghetti. “The internets” being the most prominent example to me.
Saheli, re: the internets, I think there is TOTALLY a suite of code-words among the true web nerds that sort’ve ironically infantilize their deep dorkery — “the interweb,” “intarweb,” etc. Using one of those shows you are too cool for even the information superhighway itself.
“Reality-based community” has become a clubby codeword like this, now.
Aha! “Blood and Treasure” in a 1774 resolution of the Continental Congress. The game’s afoot.
Within engineering circles, you’ll often hear the word “nontrivial” thrown around. This is the codeword for “impossible”, and it’s used because no one wants to be the person who has to tell their boss that something is impossible.
I haven’t heard it recently (guess why!) but the phrase “speak truth to power” had a lot of currency in and out of the academy a few years back. I first remember coming across it in Edward Said, but then I heard Henry Kissinger use it on TV.
Best guess on “blood and treasure”: it’s a phrase that was used a lot in early America, especially by presidents (Washington, Adams, Monroe, Lincoln, etc.), and got picked up by historians — now used mostly by hard-bitten realists and neocons.
The ultimate source remains a mystery. I was trying to see if it was from the Bible, but when I googled “blood and treasure” + “King James” I found this “Protest Against the Treaty of Ryswick”, which, in addition to being seventeenth century, is in Latin!
At first I thought “Sanguini non magis” was the key phrase, but as it turns out, “magis” means more; “Opibus” is probably “treasure,” which means I haven’t yet found a Latin catchphrase like “e pluribus unum”, “sic semper tyrannus,” etc. The hunt for an ultimate Latin source has run aground, mostly because I don’t really understand the case system. Or Latin.
This phrase is like the rabbit hole that just keeps going:
I Cannot sufficiently admire the Industry of a sort of Men, wholly out of Favour with the Prince and People, and openly possessing a separate Interest from the Bulk of the Landed Men, who yet are able to raise, at this Juncture, so great a Clamour against a Peace, without offering one single Reason, but what we find in their
Ballads. I lay it down for a Maxim, That no reasonable Man, whether Whig or Tory (since it is necessary to use those foolish Terms) can be of the Opinion for continuing the War, upon the Foot it now is unless he be a Gainer by it, or hopes it may occasion some new Turn of Affairs at home, to the Advantage of his Party; or lastly, unless he be very ignorant of the Kingdom’s Condition, and by what Means we have been reduced to it. Upon the two first Cases, where Interest is concerned, I have nothing to say: But as to the last, I think it highly necessary, that the Publick should be freely and impartially told what Circumstances they are in, after what Manner they have been treated by those whom they trusted so many Years with the Disposal of their Blood and Treasure, and what the Consequences of this Management are like to be upon themselves and their Posterity.
— Jonathan Swift, The Conduct of the Allies, and of the Late Ministry, in Beginning and Carrying on the Present War. Printed in London, 1712
And further:
We have driven away the hereditary tyranny of the house of Stuart, at the expense of much blood and treasure, in hopes of enjoying hereditary liberty, after having shaken off the yoke of kingship; and there is not a man among us who could have imagined that any person would be so bold as to dare to attempt the ravishing from us that freedom which cost us so much blood and so much labor.
— “Against Richard Cromwell,” by Sir Henry Vane, 1659.
It’s in Aristophanes’ Lysistrata, in the Manifesto of the Women of Athens:
But of course it’s impossible to tell the provenance of the phrase — the translator could simply have used that more modern wording b/c it correspondends very nicely to what the Greek was getting at, etc.
This phrase is like the rabbit hole that just keeps going:
Why, some might even call this a good example of cyberhypercavicunicucunctatalinkus.
We would need to see the original Greek of the play, Rob, but that translation of Lysistrata is pretty suspect. It’s part of the “Lysistrata Peace Project,” and refers to itself “Translated, adapted, and abridged, but not bowdlerized.” It also includes such modern colloquialisms as “bottomless bank account,” “You Athenians got the war fever,” “homeland security,” and the admittedly Aristophenean “boner.”
A better classical source might be Demosthenes’s famous oration “On The Crown,” which includes this passage:
Still, though, this is a 1906 translation, when the phrase was still in hot popular and literary currency, so we would have to compare it to the Greek. (Well, not we, preferably, but someone who knows Greek.)
And it still wouldn’t explain why the term only seems to pick up in English around the middle of the 17th century — there’s nothing that seems to be like it in Shakespeare, Marlowe, Jonson, or earlier political figures, but right around the time of Cromwell, it shoots up like a weed, in one parliamentary bill and address after another. (Usually regarding Ireland. When someone says “blood and treasure,” they’re almost talking about the expenses of empire.)
Lysistrata = duly discredited.
One of my initial Google searches was “blood and treasure” + “kipling”… but obviously it predates him. So who were the earlier scribes of empire?
The Greek doesn’t say blood and treasure. That translation was very free and changes even who is speaking in the original text. There’s no “manifesto of women” in the play.
kai gar andras espher
Yeah, there’s nothing like the “manifesto of women” in the original text of Lysistrata. It’s a speech given by the leader of the women that goes like this:
do you by any chance know if there’s an available full text version on the web of Charles T. Murphy’s translation of Lysistrata? I’m writing a paper on it and really need the details of the edition for bibliography.
thanks for any info.
I emailed baja earlier, but I haven’t been able to find a web copy of the Murphy trans. The odds are pretty good that I grabbed a random anthology off of my shelf and transcribed the text by hand. Almost five years and as many moves later, I can’t even remember which book it was, let alone what page it might have been on. I also could have transcribed it from Google Books, which showed a lot more books in “Limited Preview” back then.
Okay, so this is what I’ve been doing with my afternoon:
One of the more influential sources of “blood and treasure” is Edward Gibbon, who uses the phrase at least three times in The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire (1776):
But there are plenty of sources earlier than Gibbon — the use of the phrase by Adams, Jefferson (in the rough draft for the Declaration of Independence. among other places), Washington, Franklin, Thomas Paine, and the Continental Congress (above) all suggest that this was part of the contemporary political parlance. (It also figures in the later Federalist and Anti-Federalist debates.)
The 17th-century English parliamentary history is more interesting. One notable place it occurs is in the Act for the Settlement of Ireland, whose preamble reads:
… before going on to describe how all Irish lands now belong to England and Catholics need to pledge loyalty to the commonwealth.
In general, the phrase pops up in a lot of parliamentary papers in the age of Cromwell. Here’s a Declaration of Parliament from 1646. And another petition from 1649. Most of these are pleas to consider the suffering of people in the war. But, as the Act for the Settlement of Ireland already shows, after Cromwell takes power, the phrase is usually used in justification of war, especially at the outreaches of empire.
John Lilburne overheard Cromwell himself use the phrase, in this context:
Crazy shit. And there’s more.
Wow. That’s an even more evocative phrase than “blood and treasure” alone — “the guilt of the blood and treasure shed and spent.”
(P.S. I seriously feel like I’ve retroactively failed Internet Research 101 for posting that Lysistrata link. Good lord.)
I should say a little bit about the context of that Cromwell quote (for which I’ve finally found a stable web link here.
Lilburne, who purportedly heard Cromwell say this, was a leader/fellow-traveller of the Levellers, who (at least purportedly) wanted to continue Cromwell’s revolution against the monarchy by eradicating the entire social class system of England. After they wrote the “England’s New Chaines Discovered” pamphlet, Cromwell and co. rounded their spokespeople up and put them all on trial. Lilburne, who was both eloquent and popular, was acquitted by jury, but fell in and out of good relations with Cromwell and his government, and spent most of the rest of his life imprisoned or in exile.
It’s quite possible that Cromwell never actually used the phrase: Lilburne himself had used it originally in the pamphlet for which he’d been arrested, although it’s quite striking if he were to put his own words in the mouth of his enemy, and arguing towards the exact opposite conclusion. It’s Lilburne himself that Cromwell wants to break. “The guilt of the blood and treasure shed and spent” is Cromwell’s argument in justification of torture.
The earliest mention of “blood and treasure” yet: a House of Commons document from 1644:
I found this last one using the full text search feature at British History Online. I also found an earlier document, which doesn’t use “blood and treasure”, but the language is so different that it might reveal why this term first seems to appear during the English Civil War of the 1640s; before that, Parliament just didn’t talk in the same way.
From the House of Commons Journal of 1604:
You can totally tell the whole time these guys are thinking, “I can’t believe we have to give this asshole our money.” Isn’t that awesome?
P.S.: I also wrote a professor of mine who works on the English Renaissance to ask him if he knows anything else about it or has any ideas about where I could find more information. I may try to turn this into a paper.
Hot shit! From Thomas Kyd’s The Spanish Tragedie (1592):
Kyd’s play was one of the most popular plays in the English Renaissance — it’s said to be the first revenge tragedy, and a huge influence on Hamlet. It’s not necessarily a definitive or final source, but it’s definitely noteworthy, and the first thing I’ve been able to find expressing anything like this prior to 1640.
Get off me, bitches! 🙂
I actually had to regoogle that line from the Spanish Tragedies to make sure it wasn’t some kind of wacky/ironic/over-my-head April Fools joke. 🙂
Wow, I was only gone for a few days and you guys really outdid yourselves on the dork-o-meter. How about filling in some blanks over here. Also, if you can’t find a stable web link to an original source, you can always make it so.
Peter, please. Nobody uses Wiktionary.
Wikisource though… hadn’t seen that. Very cool.
In general I agree, no one uses Wiktionary, but people are still adding to it at a pretty good clip, so I think it has potential. I was more thinking that it is a good place to store the scholarship that you’ve collected so that the next person who Google’s this will find something helpful.
First of all, the next person who Googles “blood and treasure” is going to find bloodandtreasure.com, or bloodandtreasure.typepad.com. If they find this stuff anywhere, I’d rather they found it on Snarkmarket than Wiki-anything.
Also, maybe I’m just being selfish, but “a good place to store the scholarship” is a journal I can put on my CV. I’m serious about getting this published. I’ve gotten more excited about this than any research I’ve done in a long time.
Oh, and just to boggle your minds? While you all were perhaps doing something to advance civilization this weekends, I kept working the PC and the archive. The ultimate source for the phrase and the idea — while not an exact match –is probably Petrarch. Petrarch, motherfuckers! That’s fourteenth century, if you don’t know.
From the Trionfi della Morta (Triumph of Death):
Dopo l’imprese perigliose e vane,
e col sangue acquistar terre e tesoro,
vie pi
Okay Tim, I would love to read a line or two about how you actually pursued this research. Like… that shiz is in Italian. What gives? How did you find it?
I wasn’t sure what you meant by “turn this into a paper” but fair enough if that’s your plan. Still, wikisource…
And I second Robin; care to lay it on us how/where you found things in the various stages of your quest? I didn’t get much farther than checking OED…
I didn’t find Petrarch’s Trionfi directly — I found Edward Dyer’s fragment of a translation in The Prayse of Nothing (1585). Then I found Mary Sidney’s translation, and the Italian original.
Early on, I just did searches in Google, and then Google Print. For turning the corner around to Thomas Kyd and finally Petrarch, I have to give props to EEBO (Early English Books Online), a database of early print literature in English.
It was a huge help to be able to use the boolean operator NEAR. By searching “blood NEAR treasure”, as opposed to “blood AND treasure” or “‘blood and treasure'”, I was able to get quality hits that didn’t necessarily use the exact phrase “blood and treasure”, or the phrase in exactly that order. I wish Google supported it.
Sweet, thanks for the tips. NEAR is hella money. I have been wanting Google to offer more precise searching (RegExp please) for years now, but people who know what they’re talking about tell me that it’s impossible due to the way Google stores it’s internet archive. Still, it seems like it would be possible to mash something up that would get the first 20 Google results for a simple search and then actually retrieve the text of the pages and run RegExps on that…
Postscript: I’ve been dumbfounded by your work, Tim. Good show. I just wanted to note that this thread reminded me very much of this book. Only I’m not quite sure whether Tim is the professor or the madman. 🙂
Hey, how about answering a lady’s question–where did you find Tim, and are there any more there? 😉
Tim, if I was in charge of hiring academics, be high on the list. Sadly, no such gig. But good show!
We found him at Michigan State.
There used to be more, but their bloodlines were all thinned by Viking raiders.
Aw, shucks, Saheli. I’m blushing. :-$
The blood and treasure research train rolls on. I’ve got three classical pseudo-sources (in Livy, Cicero, and Plutarch) that don’t say the phrase but something related to it. I’ve done crazy etymological research on different Latin and Greek words. I went down this whole tangent with this other classical dictum, “money is the sinews of war.” And I just found a beautiful letter by Petrarch where we writes (if my Italian isn’t totally mistaken) that we need to be more stingy with blood, that it needs to be as expensive as treasure.
I’ve got a seminar lined up to present the research in the fall, and when I’m done tying up loose ends, I’m going to prepare it for publication — hopefully before the summer’s out.